Unisonic Model 1040-1

Unisonic introduced already in 1975 its first Model 1040 but here at the Datamath Calculator Museum we are focused on this Model 1040-1 introduced in 1977 and manufactured by its Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) Zeny Corporation in Taiwan.

Dismantling the featured 1040-1 calculator manufactured in December 1977 reveals a very cost effective design using a single-sided printed circuit board (PCB) centered around a TMS1044 single-chip calculator circuit connected to a 9-digit Vacuum Fluorescent Display (VFD), a keyboard assembly and powered by 4 AAA-sized alkaline batteries.

The TMS1044 is a member of the TMS1040 Product Family based on the TMS1070 "computer-on-a-chip" introduced in 1974 with the original TMS1000. While the TMS1070 can directly interface with low-voltage VFDs up to 35 Volts does it still need external resistors and a zener diode to bias the anodes and grids of the display with respect to the filament. The TMS1040 added an extra V_PP pin to connect a negative 30 Volts bias voltage for its modified output drivers. With the TMS1070 featuring 11 R Outputs for the Digits, 8 O Outputs for the Segments and 4 K Inputs for the Keyboard, reduced the TMS1040 the number of R Outputs to 9, consequently are all known TMS1040 calculator designs using a 9-digit VF Display.

Looking closer onto the PCB you'll notice two diodes labeled D4 and D5 and placed somehow between the TMS1044 and the keyboard assembly - at first glance an unusual approach. Preparing our DCM-50A Platform to allow the Characterization of Single-Chip Calculator Circuits of the TMS1040 Family, we reverse-engineered the Model 1040-1 calculator and understood that Texas Instruments started to add with the TMS1040 a "virtual" 5^th Keyboard Input line by using two additional diodes emulating the 5 K Inputs of the TMC0980 Family. While the TMS0100 single-chip calculator circuit introduced the concept of an 11x4 keyboard matrix scanned with the 11 Digit Outputs and 4 Keyboard Inputs, would the reduction to just 9 Digit Outputs of the TMS1040 allow for only 9x4 keys and switches, in some calculator applications a possible show-stopper. Adding an extra "virtual" Keyboard Input allows consequently for a 9x5 keyboard matrix - but the featured Unisonic Model 1040-1 sports obviously only 27 keys and an hard-wired power [on/off] switch. The TMS1044 was used with a wide range of calculators, the Brinlock Model 806 marked with only 23 keys together with the Bohsei Model 1000 the lower end, while the Privileg 858 MD unleashed the potential of the chip with 31 keys and an additional sliding switch and this Unisonic Model 1040-1 being the middle child.

Comparing the functionality of these calculators demonstrates the bandwidth of products made possible with the TMS1044 single-chip calculator circuit:

The Canon F-31 using with the TMS1045 another product of the TMS1040 portfolio sports 30 keys and a 4-position switch and hence making good use of the "virtual" 5^th Keyboard Input line.

If you have additions to the above article please email: joerg@datamath.org.

© Joerg Woerner, November 13, 2022. No reprints without written permission.